Stitching Rural Planning: A Morphological Classification for Andean Communes. The Case of Flores, Ecuador

Authors

  • Riccardo Porreca Institute of Regional Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, (Gebäude 10.50), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
  • Francisco Caza Investigador independiente, Quito, Ecuador.
  • Diana Paz Centro de Investigación de Políticas Públicas y Territorio, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales- Ecuador, Pradera y Diego de Almagro, Quito, Ecuador.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29019/eidos.v17i24.1373

Keywords:

Rural planning, Morphological classification, Andean communes, settlements, Ecuador

Abstract

Despite high urbanization rates in Latin America, rural areas are still home to a significant portion of the population. According to World Bank data from 2022, Ecuador has a 35% rural population characterized by low access to public services and adequate infrastructure. In addition, its territorial configuration in most cases is represented by indigenous communities with autonomy, defined as communes, which implies a differentiated planning framework and requires effective governance. This research aims to provide analytical tools and new spatial information for territorial characterization and understanding of spatial complexity, taking as a case study the rural parish of Flores, located in the province of Chimborazo. The results show a morphological classification by way of cartographic documentation based on a system of three major criteria and nine indicators for each settlement, which aims to supplement spatial studies in support of rural planning in the regulatory framework of Ecuador.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Codificación Ley 2004-04 de Organización y Régimen de las Comunas, Pub. L. No. 2004–04, Ley 1 (2004).

Acosta, O. (2021). Micro Entrepreneurs in the Fisherman’s Route, Province of Guayas. Revista Universidad y Sociedad, 13(2), 375–382.

Alvarez-Gamboa, J., Cabrera-Barona, P., & Jacome-Estrella, H. (2023). Territorial inequalities in financial inclusion: A comparative study between private banks and credit unions. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 87(A), 101561.

Ariza-Montobbio, P., & Olarte, S. (2021). Socio-metabolic profiles of electricity consumption along the rural-urban continuum of Ecuador: Whose energy sovereignty. Environment Development and Sustainability, 23(5), 7961–7995.

Augé, M. (2009). Nonluoghi. Introduzione a una antropologia della surmodernitá (1st ed., Vol. 1). Eléuthera.

Banco Mundial. (2021). Población rural (% de la población total) - Ecuador | Data. DataBank. https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=EC

Banco Mundial. (2022). Población rural (% de la población total) - Latin America & Caribbean | Data. Banco Mundial . https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZJ

Bánski, J., & Mazur, M. (2016). Classification of rural areas in Poland as an instrument of territorial policy. Land Use Policy, 54, 1–17.

Bauer Gérard. (1976). La rurbanisation ou la ville éparpillée (1st ed., Vol. 1). Éditions du Seuil.

Bermeo, V. (2018). Innovative Entrepreneurships from Rurality. The case of Tungurahua in the Ecuadorian Sierra . Revista Universidad y Sociedad , 10(2), 94–99.

Brooks, M. (2020). Countering Depopulation in Kansas: An Assessment of the Rural Opportunity Zone Program. Population Research and Policy Review, 40, 137–148.

Cardenas, A. (2020). The Complex character of competitiveness in rural tourist destinations: considerations for tourism studies. Revista Conrado, 16(74), 225–230.

Caschili, S., De Montis, A., & Trogu, D. (2015). Accessibility nd rurality indicators for regional development. Computers Environment and Urban Systems, 49, 98–114.

Chung, H. (2013). Rural Transformation and the persistence or rurality in China. Eurasian Geography And Economics , 54(5–6), 594–610.

Conagopare. (n.d.). Historia de Conagopare. Consejo Nacional de Gobiernos Parroquiales Rurales Del Ecuador .

Consejo Nacional de Competencias. (2021). Capacidad Institucional de los GAD Parroquiales Rurales .

Código Orgánico de Organización Territorial, Pub. L. No. Registro Oficial Suplemento 303, Asamblea nacional 1 (2010).

Cruz Cabrera, M., Rocchio, D., Freire, L., Martínez, J. C., Porreca, R., & Jácome, W. (2016). HACER CIUDAD, CALDERÓN 2040 | Libreria Carlos Fuentes. EDITORIAL UNIVERSITARIA UTE. https://www.libreriacarlosfuentes.mx/es/producto/hacer-ciudad-calderon-2040

Dirven, M. (2004). El empleo rural no agrícola y la diversidad rural en América Latina. Revista de La CEPAL, 2004(83), 49–69.

Dirven, M., & Candia Baeza, D. (2020). Medición de lo rural para el diseño e implementación de políticas de desarrollo rural .

Donoso, M., & Sarmiendo, F. (2021). Changing mountain farmscapes: vulnerability and migration drivers in the Paute River watershed, Southern Ecuador. Journal of Mountain Science, 18(7), 1902–1919.

Dovey, K., van Oostrum, M., Chatterjee, I., & Shafique, T. (2020). Towards a morphogenesis of informal settlements. Habitat International, 104, 102240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102240

Ducrot, R., Bueno, A. K., Barban, V., & Reydon, B. P. (2010). Integrating land tenure, infrastructure and water catchment management in São Paulo’s periphery: lessons from a gaming approach. Environment and Urbanization, 22(2), 543–560.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247810380168

Egas, F., Nazareno, I., & Cifuentes, L. M. (2021). Afectaciones sobre las propiedades colectivas en las comunas ancestrales de Ecuador. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, XXVII(4), 259–276.

Fernández de Córdoba, M. (2019). La clasificación urbanística del espacio de transición urbano/rural en la legislación del suelo del Ecuador. Eídos, 14, 3–19.

Fernández Labbe, J., & Cevallos, E. (2021). Trajectories and Aspirations of Rural Young People on Territories in Transformation: A case in rural areas in Cayambe, Ecuador. Ager-Revista de Estudios Sobre Despoblación y Desarrolo Rural, 32, 157–188.

Field, C., Barros, V., Stocker, T., & Dahe, Q. (2012). Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/SREX_Full_Report-1.pdf

Goodwin, G. (2016). The Quest to Bring Land under Social and Political Control: Land Reform Struggles of the Past and Present in Ecuador. Journal of Agrarian Change, 17(3), 1–23.

Granados, Y., Strozzi, A., Alvarez, J., Quintana, R., Julian-Santiago, F., Santos, A., Guevara-Pacheco, S., Loyola-Sanchez, A., Goycochea-Robles, V., Juarez, V., Garza-Elizondo, M., Rueda, J., Burgos-Vargas, R., Londoño, J., Pons-Estel, B., & Pelaez-Ballestas, I. (2023). Inequity and vulnerability in Latin American Indigenous and non-indigenous populations with rheumatic diseases: a syndemic approach. BMJ OPEN, 13(3).

Halfacree, K. (1995). Talking about rurality: social representations of the rural as expressed by residents of six English parishes. Journal of Rural Studies, 11(1), 1–20.

Hauenstein, E., Petterson, S., Merwin, E., Rovnyak, V., Heise, B., & Wagner, D. (2006). Rurality, gender, and mental health treatment. Family & Community Health, 29(3), 169–185.

Herrero-Olarte, S., & Baena, J. J. (2022). The Limits to Access to Higher Education in the Andean Community: beyond the Economic Issue. Revista Internacional de Educación Para La Justicia Social, 11(1), 215–233.

Husa, A., & Morse, C. E. (2022). RURALITY AS A KEY FACTOR FOR PLACE ATTACHMENT IN THE GREAT PLAINS. Geographical Review, 112(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167428.2020.1786384

INEC. (2011). Fascículo Provincial Chimborazo.

INEC. (2022). Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU) Junio 2022.

Jacquet, J., Guthrie, E., & Jackson, H. (2016). Swept Out: Measuring Rurality and Migration Intentions on the Upper Great Planis . Rural Sociology, 82(4), 601–627.

Lefebvre, henri. (2016). El Derecho a la Ciudad (1st ed., Vol. 1). Capitán Swing Libros.

Levy, A. (1999). Urban morphology and the problem of the modern urban fabric: some questions for research. Urban Morphology, 3(2), 79–85.

Lobos, G., Schnettler, B., Lapo, C., Mera, W., & Bustamante, M. (2019). Perceived Resources and Satisfaction With Food-Related Life Among Ecuadorian Elderly. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 51(6), 693–702.

Méndez, Y., & Vieyra, A. (2014). Tracing Processes in Poverty Dynamics: A Tale of Peri-urban Small-scale farmers in Mexico City. Urban Studies, 51(10), 2009–2035.

Ministerio de Desarrollo Urbano y Vivienda. (2015). Informe Nacional del Ecuador. https://www.habitatyvivienda.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Informe-Nacional-del-Ecuador.pdf

Narchi, N. E., & Cristiani, B. C. (2015). Subtle Tyranny. Latin American Perspectives, 42(5), 90–108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X15585118

Ortiz-Báez, P., Cabrera-Barona, P., & Bogaert, J. (2021). Characterizing landscape patterns in urban-rural interfaces. Journal of Urban Management, 10(1), 46–56.

Palacios, E., López, D., & Delgado, D. (2022). Spatial Life narratives in the Covid-19 Context: reflections from the Ecuadorian rurality. Journal of Latin American Geography, 21(2), 34–56.

Pauta-Calle, F. (2019). son técnicamente viables los planes de uso y gestión de suelo previstos por la Ley ecuatoriana de ordenamiento territorial? Eídos, 13, 39–54.

Porreca, R., Geropanta, V., Barberá, R. M., & Rocchio, D. (2020). Remote Sensing Drones for Advanced Urban Regeneration Strategies. The Case of San José de Chamanga in Ecuador. In P. Vasant, I. Zelinka, & G.-W. Weber (Eds.), Intelligent Computing and Optimization (pp. 620–628). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33585-4_60

Ley Orgánica de Ordenamiento Territorial, Uso y Gestión del Suelo, Pub. L. No. 790, Asamblea Nacional 1 (2016).

Rayner, J. (2019). la (re) construcción de la comuna en el Estado plurinacional. In J. Rayner & J. Mérida (Eds.), Las Comunas del Ecuador: autonomía, territorio y la construcción del Estado plurinacional (1st ed., Vol. 1, pp. 37–70). Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales (IAEN).

Rocchio, D., & Domingo-Calabuig, D. (2023). The pre-design phase in the post-catastrophe intervention process. The case of Chamanga, Ecuador. Bitácora Urbano Territorial, 33(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.15446/bitacora.v33n3.109378

Rocchio, D., & Moya Barberá, R. (2017). Del objeto al proceso: El paisaje de la reconstrucción post-catástrofe. Eídos, 10, Article 10. https://doi.org/10.29019/ei.v0i10.342

Romero-Subia, F., Jimber-del Rio, J., Ochoa-Rico, M., & Vergara-Romero, A. (2022). Analysis of Citizen Satisfaction in Municipal Services. Economies, 10(9), 225.

Sanchez, L., Cotazar, S. M., & Barragán, M. (2018). Considerations on rurality, family farming and food security in Ecuador. Dilemas Contemporáneos Educación Política y Valores, 5(2).

Saxena, G. (2018). Rurality in Flux: A Perspective on Rural Tourism Enterprise. In Y. Dwivedi, N. Rana, E. Slade, M. Shareef, M. Clemente, A. Simintiras, & B. Lal (Eds.), Emerging Markets from a multidisciplinary Perspective: Challenges, Opportunity Research Agenda (1st ed., Vol. 1, pp. 273–284). Springer International Publishing AG.

Seawnght, J., & Gerring, J. (2008). Case selection techniques in case study research: A menu of qualitative and quantitative options. Political Research Quarterly, 61(2), 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912907313077

Soto, G., & Alfie, M. (2019). Impact of Climate Change in Mexican peri-urban areas with risk of drought. Journal of Arid Environments, 162, 74–88.

Ulloa-Espindola, R., Cuyo-Cuyo, J., & Lalama-Noboa, E. (2023). Towards Rural Resilience: Assessing Future Spatial urban Expansion and Population Growth in Quito as a Measure of Resilience. LAND, 12(2), 335.

Van Eupen, M., Metzger, M. J., Pérez-Soba, M., Verburg, P. H., Van Doorn, A., & Bunce, R. G. H. (2012). A rural typology for strategic European Policies. Land Use Policy, 29(3), 473–482.

Varghese, C., Lengyel, O., McGuineess, M., & Harmston, C. (2021). Impact of rurality and ethnicity on complexity of acute diverticulitis in Northland, New Zealand. ANZ Journal of Surgery, 91(12), 2701–2706.

Wolfe, A. W., Black, L. W., & Welser, H. T. (2020). Sense of Community and Migration Intentions among Rural Young Professionals. Rural Sociology, 85(1), 235–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12289

Published

2024-07-01

How to Cite

Porreca, R., Caza, F., & Paz, D. (2024). Stitching Rural Planning: A Morphological Classification for Andean Communes. The Case of Flores, Ecuador. Eidos, 17(24), 17–38. https://doi.org/10.29019/eidos.v17i24.1373