Impact of Economic, Social, And Environmental Factors on Electric Vehicle Adoption: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29019/eidos.v17i24.1380Keywords:
Electric vehicles, Transport Sector, Sustainability, Adoption, Economic, Social, Environmental, MalaysiaAbstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) represent a transformative innovation in the automotive industry, offering a promising solution to environmental challenges. This paper examines the complex interplay of economic, social, and environmental factors that influence consumers' decisions to adopt EVs. Economic factors, such as initial purchase price and operating costs, play a crucial role in adoption. Research suggests that as EV prices become more competitive and operational expenses decline, adoption rates will accelerate. Social factors, including peer influence and perceptions of EV performance, reliability, and convenience, also shape consumer attitudes and preferences. Environmental considerations, including the imperative to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and reduce air pollution, drive the adoption of EVs. This review synthesizes existing literature on the impact of economic, social, and environmental factors on EV adoption, providing valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers. By elucidating the complex dynamics that influence consumer behavior, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable mobility and the transition towards a greener transportation ecosystem.
Downloads
References
Abdelaziz, E. A., Fathy, H., et al. (2019). Electric vehicle energy consumption and CO2 emissions: a review of empirical analysis. International Journal of Energy Research, 43(6), 2707-2731.
Adnan, N., Nordin, S. M., Amini, M. H., Langove, N. (2018). What make consumer sign up to PHEVs? Predicting Malaysian consumer behavior in adoption of PHEVs. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 113, 259-278.
Adnan, N., Vasant, P., Rahman, I., Noor, A. (2016). Adoption of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle among Malaysian consumers. Ind Eng Manage 5(185), 2169-0316.
Ahrentzen, S., et al. (2020). Understanding and addressing the demand for electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice.
Al Mamun, A., Masud, M.M., Fazal, S.A., Muniady, R. (2019). Green vehicle adoption behavior among low-income households: evidence from coastal Malaysia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26(26), 27305-27318
Axsen, J., Bailey, J., et al. (2018). Determinants of plug-in electric vehicle adoption: A synthesis of recent literature. Transport Reviews, 38(3), 265-293.
Axsen, J., Goldberg, S., et al. (2019). Regulating greenhouse gas emissions from electric vehicles in Canada. Energy Policy, 101, 42-52.
Axsen, J., Goldberg, S., et al. (2019). Social influence and consumer preference formation for pro-environmental vehicle technologies. Nature Energy, 4(1), 38-45.
Axsen, J., Orlebar, C., Skippon, S., 2013. Social influence and consumer preference formation for pro-environmental technology: The case of a UK workplace electric-vehicle study. Ecological Economics 95, 96-107.
Banerjee, P., et al. (2021). Sustainability criteria for the adoption of electric vehicles: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production.
Basner, M., Babisch, W., et al. (2014). Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health. The Lancet, 383(9925), 1325-1332.
Bauer, N., et al. (2020). Electric vehicle skills and knowledge in the Australian automotive industry. Journal of Cleaner Production.
California Air Resources Board. (2021). Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Program. CARB.
Caperello, N., Kumar, K., et al. (2018). Electric vehicle charging infrastructure deployment: A review of local, state, and federal policies in the United States. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 3002-3010.
Chen, X., Zheng, Z., & Liu, X. (2024). Integrated Energy System Optimization for Electric Vehicles and Demand Response within Carbon Trading Mechanism. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 1-13.
Choi, S., et al. (2020). Electric vehicle (EV) battery management systems: Issues, challenges, and strategies. Applied Energy.
Chu, W., Im, M., Song, M.R., Park, J. (September, 2019). Psychological and behavioral factors affecting electric vehicle adoption and satisfaction: A comparative study of early adopters in China and Korea. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 76, 1-18.
Clinton, B.C., Steinberg, D.C., 2019. Providing the Spark: Impact of financial incentives on battery electric vehicle adoption. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 98, 102255.
Cohen, A. J., Brauer, M., et al. (2017). Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: An analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015. The Lancet, 389(10082), 1907-1918.
Dagher, L., et al. (2020). Zero-emission vehicle standards: Considerations for Canada. C.D. Howe Institute Commentary.
de Wolf, D., Diop, N., & Kilani, M. (2024). Environmental impacts of enlarging the market share of electric vehicles [Impact environnemental de l'élargissement de la part de marché des véhicules électriques] (No. hal-04551704).
Deloitte. (2020). Electric vehicle trends, insights and considerations for utilities. Deloitte Insights.
Dobson, N., et al. (2021). Transitioning to electric vehicles: A study of consumer attitudes, intentions, and perceptions in Australia. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment.
Dunn, J. B., Gaines, L., et al. (2014). Environmental implications of electric vehicle battery production and recycling. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(6), 3959-3967.
Dunn, J. B., Gaines, L., et al. (2016). Evaluation of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from plug-in hybrid vehicles. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(11), 6111-6121.
Egbue, O., Long, S., Samaranayake, V.A. (2017). Mass deployment of sustainable transportation: evaluation of factors that influence electric vehicle adoption. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 19(7), 1927-1939.
Ellingsen, L. A. W., Majeau-Bettez, G., et al. (2014). Life cycle assessment of passenger transportation in the United States. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(6), 3178-3186.
Enevoldsen, P., et al. (2020). Electric vehicle charging infrastructure regulation in Denmark. Sustainability.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2021). Federal Incentives for Propane Vehicles and Mowers. U.S. EPA.
España, N., Murillo-Hoyos, J., & Caicedo, E. (2024). Methodology for the comparative evaluation of vehicle technologies in intermediate cities considering electric vehicles. Transportation research interdisciplinary perspectives, 24, 101068.
EY. (2020). Electrifying the economy: Opportunities and challenges for the European electricity sector. EY.
Faria, R., Cunha, B., et al. (2019). Electric vehicle charging infrastructure: A review of key considerations for grid integration. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 113, 109263.
Franco, V., et al. (2020). Global EV Outlook 2020. International Energy Agency (IEA).
Gallagher, K. G., Muehlegger, E., et al. (2012). Understanding the drivers of electric and fuel cell vehicle adoption: Lessons for increasing green mobility. Energy Policy, 49, 467-480.
Gallagher, K., et al. (2017). Innovation and technology diffusion: A global policy perspective. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Ganz, K., Kern, T., & Hinterstocker, M. (2024). Systemic Evaluation of PV Self-Consumption Optimization Using Electric Vehicles. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 15(3), 98.
Goulder, L. H., et al. (2019). Impacts of electric vehicle subsidies. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Gross, M. (2018). Electric vehicles and the electric grid: A review of modeling approaches, impacts, and renewable energy integration. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 1952-1965.
Han, H., Zhao, X., et al. (2020). Environmental impact analysis of electric vehicles: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 274, 123013.
Hao, Y., Dong, X.-Y., Deng, Y.-X., Li, L.-X., Ma, Y. (2016). What influences personal purchases of new energy vehicles in China? An empirical study based on a survey of Chinese citizens. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 8(6), 065904.
Hardman, S., Breetz, H. L., et al. (2019). Equity and electric vehicles: Environmental and social justice in transportation. Energy Research & Social Science, 57, 101239.
Hawkins, T. R., et al. (2013). Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles. American Chemical Society Symposium Series, 1149, 67-79.
Hawkins, T. R., Singh, B., et al. (2013). Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of conventional and electric vehicles. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 17(1), 53-64.
Hawkins, T.R., Gausen, O.M., Strømman, A.H. (2012). Environmental impacts of hybrid and electric vehicles a review. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 17(8), 997-1014.
He, Q., Xu, Y., et al. (2021). A review of electric vehicles in the context of energy security. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 148, 111345.
He, R., et al. (2018). Smart charging strategies and impacts analysis of electric vehicle charging infrastructure on distribution networks. IET Smart Grid.
Hoek, G., Krishnan, R. M., et al. (2013). Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: A review. Environmental Health, 12(1), 43.
Hoicka, C. E., et al. (2021). Making the transition to electric vehicle–ready multiunit residential buildings: Policy challenges and solutions. Energy Policy.
Horbach, J., et al. (2020). Environmental innovation and firm performance: How firm size and ownership influence the outcome? Business Strategy and the Environment.
Hui, L. I. A. O., Yaodong, L. I., Xianfu, G. O. N. G., Zhang, T., & Huang, Y. (2024). Low Carbon Dispatch of The Park Integrated Energy System Based On The Electric Vehicles Flexible Load Storage Characteristics. Thermal Science, 28.
IEA (International Energy Agency). (2019). The Future of Trucks: Implications for Energy and the Environment. IEA Publishing.
IEA, (2019). "Global EV Outlook 2019", IEA, Paris Jansson, J., Nordlund, A., Westin, K., 2017. Examining drivers of sustainable consumption: The influence of norms and opinion leadership on electric vehicle adoption in Sweden. Journal of Cleaner Production 154, 176-187.
International Energy Agency (2021) Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector. OECD Publishing, Paris.
International Energy Agency (IEA). (2021). Global EV Outlook 2021: Accelerating the transition to electric mobility. IEA Publications.
International Renewable Energy Agency (Irena). (2019). Global energy transformation: A roadmap to 2050. Irena.
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2018). Global warming of 1.5°C. IPCC Special Report.
Jacobson, M. Z. (2009). Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security. Energy and Environmental Science, 2(2), 148-173.
Kahn, J., Lemus, A., et al. (2015). Electric vehicle social groups: Defining EV communities through their social functions. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 41, 166-177.
Kang, J., Skerlos, S. J., et al. (2016). Allocation and valuation of embedded energy and greenhouse gas emissions in the design of complex systems. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(6), 3108-3117.
Klenert, D., et al. (2018). Making carbon pricing work for citizens. Nature Climate Change.
Klöckner, C. A., et al. (2019). Electric vehicles in the United States: A new model with forecasts to 2030. Applied Energy.
Krause, R. M., Shylo, S., et al. (2018). Community-based electric vehicle infrastructure: A case study of Electric Corridor I-5. Journal of Transport Geography, 68, 153-164.
Langbroek, J.H.M., Cebecauer, M., Malmsten, J., Franklin, J.P., Susilo, Y.O., Georén, P., 2019. Electric vehicle rental and electric vehicle adoption. Research in Transportation Economics 73 (August 2018), 72-82.
Laugwitz, R. (2017). The development of electric vehicles and its impact on the energy industry. Energy, 120, 58-65.
Le Quéré, C., Andrew, R. M., et al. (2018). Global carbon budget 2018. Earth System Science Data, 10(4), 2141-2194.
Li, W., Long, R., Chen, H., Geng, J. (2017). A review of factors influencing consumer intentions to adopt battery electric vehicles. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 78 (December 2016), 318-328.
Li, Z., Ma, Y., et al. (2021). Review of electric vehicle charging infrastructure development: Lessons for China. Energy Policy, 149, 112118.
Liu, Y., et al. (2020). Life cycle environmental impacts of electric vehicles: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 267, 122098.
Mallapragada, D. S., Vasquez, J. L., et al. (2021). The geography of electric vehicle manufacturing in the United States: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Transport Geography, 93, 103086.
Miotti, M., Sachdeva, S., et al. (2016). The energy efficiency potential of electric vehicles in China: A lifecycle emissions analysis. Applied Energy, 184, 995-1003.
Mudd, G. M. (2010). The environmental sustainability of mining in Australia: Key mega-trends and looming constraints. Resources Policy, 35(2), 98-115.
Mukherjee, S.C., Ryan, L. (2020). Factors influencing early battery electric vehicle adoption in Ireland. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 118 (January 2019), 109504-109504
Münzel, T., Gori, T., et al. (2018). Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise exposure. European Heart Journal, 39(34), 2443-2454.
Nasab, M. A., Al-Shibli, W. K., Zand, M., Ehsan-maleki, B., & Padmanaban, S. (2024). Charging management of electric vehicles with the presence of renewable resources. Renewable Energy Focus, 48, 100536.
Nauclér, T., et al. (2020). A policymaker's guide to net zero carbon targets. Stockholm Environment Institute.
Nealer, R., LeCuyer, O., et al. (2020). Electric vehicle manufacturing: Modeling, analysis, and infrastructure considerations. Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES).
Nikolaou, P., Fthenakis, V., et al. (2019). Life cycle environmental impacts of high-capacity lithium ion battery storage for renewable power integration and electric vehicle in New York state. Renewable Energy, 132, 1026-1036.
Nikolas, A., et al. (2021). Barriers and drivers of electric vehicle adoption: A literature review. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment.
Noppers, E.H., Keizer, K., Bolderdijk, J.W., Steg, L., 2014. The adoption of sustainable innovations: driven by symbolic and environmental motives. Global Environmental Change 25, 52-62.
Notten, P., Tolle, D., et al. (2017). Historical development of electric mobility in Europe and the United States. Energy Policy, 107, 159-168.
Onat, N.C., Kucukvar, M., Tatari, O., 2015. Conventional, hybrid, plug-in hybrid or electric vehicles? State-based comparative carbon and energy footprint analysis in the United States. Applied Energy 150, 36-49.
Peters, A., Wilhelm, M., et al. (2017). Total cost of ownership and market share for hybrid and electric vehicles in the UK, US and Japan.
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 52, 400-414.
Pirmana, V., Alisjahbana, A. S., Yusuf, A. A., Hoekstra, R., & Tukker, A. (2023). Economic and environmental impact of electric vehicles
production in Indonesia. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 25(6), 1871-1885.
Ramaswami, A., et al. (2017). Enabling circular economies: The role of standardized labeling and recycling. Environmental Science & Technology.
Ramirez-Vallejo, J., et al. (2020). Life cycle assessment of electric vehicles: A review of current studies and recommendations. Energies, 13(22), 6003.
Rogers, J., et al. (2019). The role of policies in supporting plug-in electric vehicle adoption: International lessons for the United States.
Rand Corporation.
Rugh, J., & Kuffner, M. (2013). Advances in electric vehicle powertrains. Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC).
Sang, Y.-N., Bekhet, H.A., 2015. Modelling electric vehicle usage intentions: an empirical study in Malaysia. Journal of Cleaner Production 92, 75-83.
Schäfer, A. W., Victor, D. G., et al. (2018). The future mobility of the world population. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 115, 28-42.
Schiermeier, Q. (2020). Carbon dioxide levels hit record high despite COVID-19 lockdowns. Nature, 579(7797), 439-439.
Shaheen, S. A., Cohen, A. P., et al. (2017). Electric vehicle market and consumer analysis. Vehicle Electrification, 17(8), 146-162.
Shang, H., Sun, Y., Huang, D., & Meng, F. (2024). Life cycle assessment of atmospheric environmental impact on the large-scale promotion of electric vehicles in China. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 15, 100148.
Shao, Z., Noktehdan, A., et al. (2017). Modeling and analysis of electric vehicle charging behavior. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 19(5), 1397-1406.
Smith, A., et al. (2013). Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of conventional and electric vehicles. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 17(1), 53-64.
Sovacool, B. K., et al. (2018). The socio-technical barriers to electric vehicles: Drivers’ perceptions of policy measures, energy system actors, and market initiatives. Energy Policy.
Sperling, D., & Gordon, D. (2009). Two billion cars: Driving toward sustainability. Oxford University Press.
Stephens, T. S., Lin, J., et al. (2019). Electrifying ride-hailing services: A comparative analysis of energy consumption, greenhouse gas, and air pollution emissions. Environmental Research Letters, 14(9), 094031.
Stephenson, J., Barton, B., et al. (2020). The role of state incentives in electric vehicle adoption. Energy Policy, 144, 111591.
Stephenson, J., Barton, B., et al. (2020). The role of state incentives in electric vehicle adoption. Energy Policy, 144, 111591.
Stocker, T. F., & Schraner, M. (2018). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press.
Stokes, L. C., et al. (2021). Equity in electric vehicle adoption: The potential of electric vehicle subsidies to address demographic disparities in California. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment.
Sullivan, J. L., & Locey, C. (2016). A comprehensive review of the environmental impacts of petroleum production operations: Gas-to-liquids, oil sands, oil shale, and conventional offshore oil. Environmental Engineering Science, 33(10), 707-721.
Tamor, M.A., Gearhart, C., Soto, C., 2013. A statistical approach to estimating acceptance of electric vehicles and electrification of personal transportation. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 26, 125-134.
Tol, A., et al. (2019). Policy drivers and barriers for electric mobility: Experiences from Norway. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment.
Tongia, R., et al. (2019). Electric vehicle charging infrastructure: Frameworks, policies, and programs. The Energy Journal.
UC Berkeley (2020). The Impact of Electric Vehicles on Air Quality in California.
UCS (2020). Electric Vehicle Emissions: A Review of the Science.
United Nations (UN). (2021). Sustainable Development Goals. United Nations.
Van Koten, H., et al. (2021). Accelerating the deployment of electric vehicles: Insights from a choice experiment. Energy Economics.
Wang, Q., Lu, Y., et al. (2020). Electric vehicle technology innovation and industry development in China: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 121, 109672.
Wu, C., Ma, Y., et al. (2021). Electric vehicle development in China: Policies, status, and future perspectives. Energy Policy, 149, 112084.
Wu, J., Liao, H., Wang, J.-W., Chen, T., 2019. The role of environmental concern in the public acceptance of autonomous electric vehicles: A survey from China. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 60, 37-46.
Wu, T., Yan, Y., et al. (2020). Review of aging mechanisms of lithium ion
Zhang, L., et al. (2020). Electric vehicle charging infrastructure planning with sustainability and uncertainty considerations. Applied Energy.
Zhang, X., Bai, X., Shang, J. (2018). Is subsidized electric vehicles adoption sustainable: Consumers’ perceptions and motivation toward incentive policies, environmental benefits, and risks. Journal of Cleaner Production 192, 71-79.
Zhang, Y., Chen, H., et al. (2019). Air quality and health benefits of China’s electric vehicle expansion. Nature Sustainability, 2(6), 557-565.
Zhang, Y., et al. (2018). Investigation of the environmental benefits of electric vehicles based on life cycle assessment in China. Applied Energy, 216, 1-10.
Zheng, J., Zhao, J., et al. (2021). Electric vehicle deployment and charging infrastructure planning: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 143, 110910.
Zhou, J., Weng, Z., Li, J., & Song, X. (2024). Reliability evaluation, planning, and economic analysis of microgrid with access to renewable energy and electric vehicles. Electric Power Systems Research, 230, 110252.
Zietsman, J., Pretorius, L., et al. (2017). A review of electric vehicle market diffusion models and reality checks against empirical data. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 52, 372-387.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammad Farajnezhad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
